geog4231

Course Number and Title: Geography/Planning 4/6231 - Water Resources

Instructor:   Dr. Hsiang-te Kung     Spring, 2003
   Rm. 125, Johnson Hall
   Ph. 678-4538

Text: Dunne, Thomas and Leopold, L. B. Water in Environmental Planning. W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco. 1978.

References - (Books) :

Anderson, Terry L. Water Crisis: Ending the Policy Drought.
Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.1983.

*Chorley, R. J. Water, Earth, and Man. Methuen and Company, Ltd., New York. 1969.

*Chorley, R. J. Introduction to Fluvial Processes. Methuen and Company, Ltd, New York,
1978.

*Chorley, R. J. Introduction to Geographical Hydrology. Methuen and Company, Ltd., New
York, 1978.

*Chorley, R. J. Introduction to Physical Hydrology. Methuen and Company, Ltd., New
York, 1978.

Dingman, Lawrence S. Fluvial Hydrology. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York,
1984.

Fetter, C. W., Jr. Applied Hydrogeology. 2 ed. Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company,
Columbus, Ohio. 1987.

*Gregory, J. J. Drainage Basin Form and Process. John Wiley and Sons. 1974.

Helweg, Otto J. Water Resources: Planning and Management. John Wiley and Sons,
New York. 1985.

*J. A.A. Jones, C.M. Liu, M.K. Woo, and H.T. Kung. Regional Hydrological
Response to Climate Change and Global Warming. Kluwer Academic Publishers,
The Netherlands, 1996. 429 pp.

*Kung, H. T. Geographic Aspects of the Urban Hydrology of Knoxville, Tennessee.
Unpublished dissertation, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. 1980

*Leopold, L.B., Wolman, M. G., and Miller, J. P. Fluvial Processes in Geomorphology. W.
H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco. 1964.

*Leopold, Luna B. Water. W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco. 1974.

*Manning, John C., Applied Principles of Hydrology. Macmillan Publishing Company,
New York, 1992.

*Mather, John R. Water Resources--Distribution, Use, and Management. John Wiley
and Sons, Inc., New York. 1984.

Matthews, Olen Paul. Water Resources: Geography and Law. Resources Publication in
Geography, Association of American Geographers, Washington, D.C. 1984.

Miller, D. H. Water at the Surface of the Earth. Academic Press, New York. 1977.

Powledge, Fred. Water--The Nature, Uses, and Future of Our Most Precious and Abused
Resources. 2nd printing, Farrar Straus Giroux, New York. 1983.

Price, Michael. Introducing Groundwater. George Allen and Unwin, London. 1985

Richards, Keith. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels. Methuen, New York.
1982.

Speidel, David H., Ruedisili, Lon C. and Agnew, Allen F. Perspectives on Water - Uses
and Abuses. Oxford University Press, New York, 1988.

Todd, David K. Groundwater Hydrology. 2nd Edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
1980.

U. S. D. A. Water. 1955.

Vieseman, Warren, Jr. and Wetty, Claire. Water Management - Technology and
Institutions. Harper and Row Publishers, New York. 1985.

* These references are more essential and important for the class use.

Peridiodicals and Journals:

Annals of the Association of American Geographers
*Catena
*Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
Environmental Management
*Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Environmental Science and Technology
Geo-Abstract
Geographic Review
Groundwater
Journal of Applied Meteorology
Journal of Geography
*Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
Journal of Soil Sciences
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management - ASCE
Landscape Planning
*Physical Geography
Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
*Progress in Physical Geography
Southeastern Geographer
The Professional Geographer
Transactions of the American Geophysical Union
*Water Resources Bulletin
*Water Resources Research
Water Services
U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper

Office Hours:

To be announced in the first day of class.

Goals and Objectives:

This course will study the dynamic physical geography of water, and the interaction between and relation to environment. The course is divided into three parts:

1. The path of water through hydrologic cycle from rainfall to streamflow and
groundwater.

2. Action of water in hillslope erosion, and the formation of stream channels and valley
floors - fluvial geomorphology.

3. Review the critical subject of river quantity (flood) and quality which will provide
us a comprehensive background for understanding water related problems in
environment.

Organizations of the Course:

Classes will consist of lectures and discussions. Field trips will be arranged during the semester to examine the fluvial process, water uses (groundwater pumping
station), waste-water treatment, and stream flow and water quality measurements. Films and some visual aid will be used in lecture period. Guest speakers will be invited to give talks on water related problems in the class.

Requirement and Grade Evaluation Procedure:

There will be two exams during the semester which constitute 50 percent of the course grade. Final exam (at 5:30 - 7:30 pm on 5/4/99) will be counted as 25 percent. Term project or term paper will be counted as 20 percent, oral presentation of the research project/paper near the end of the term will be counted 5 percent of the course grade. Graduate students are expected to perform in a higher standard than undergraduate students on exams, research term paper or project and paper presentation.

Geography/Planning 4/6231

Water Resources

Course Outline      Text Readings
        Dunne/Leopold                     Manning
        Chapter/pp.                    Chapter

Introduction to Course Objectives and Scope of Study

I. Water supplies and properties of water 1 1-32 2

II. The hydrologic cycle 1
1. The general cycle and its world-wide summation
2. The surface and near-surface parts of the cycle

III. Precipitation, Evaporation, and transpiration
1. Precipitation 2 33-82 3, 4
2. Potential and actual evapotranspiration 4 95-125 6
3. Seasonal and aerial variations

IV. Interception 3 83-94

V. Water use by vegetation 5 126-162

VI. Water in the soil 6 163-191 5

VII. The water balance and water Budget 8 236-254
1. Basic concepts and assumptions
2. Examples
3. Regimes and patterns
4. Departures from assumptions

VIII. Infiltration versus surface runoff 6 163-191
1. Rate of infiltration and its controls
2. The infiltration/runoff split
3. Soil moisture storage and behavior
4. Throughflow and re-emergence

IX. Groundwater 7 192-235 7
1. Occurrence of groundwater
2. Groundwater zones
3. The water table
4. Groundwater discharge
5. Groundwater as a resource

X. Runoff processes 9 255-278 8
1. Surface detention, sheet flow, channeled flow
2. Short-term and seasonal fluctuation
3. Stream regimes and floods

XI. Drainage basins 14 491-505

XII. Mechanical principles of running water
hill slope processes 15 508-589
1. Flow
2. Erosion and its controls
3. Transportation and types of load
4. Deposition

XIII. Channel geometry and its controls -river channels 16 590-660
1. Cross section
2. Patterns
3. Effects of changes in discharge and bedload (temporal and spatial) 17 687-710
4. Environmental changes and their effects (natural and man-made) 18 687-710

XIV. Water resources management
1. Water supply and use    12 461-464
2. Flood hazard management   10 279-391
        11 392-441
3. Water quality problems    19 711-726 9
        20 727-766 10
        21 767-777
4. Water resources development and
waste-water disposal

Geography/Planning 4/6231

Water Resources Term Project (Term Paper) Assignment

I. Purpose

The purpose of this assignment is to provide the students with a practical experience of analyzing water-related problems (in West Tennessee), utilizing some of the methods, techniques, and concepts (knowledge) learned in Geography 4/6231.

II. Project Assignment

Each individual shall select his/her own topic and have it approved by the instructor. The selected topic is designed to study the water-related problems (within the Memphis metropolitan area) in the vicinity areas. Suggested topics for term paper (project) are:

1. Design of statewide groundwater monitoring network.
2. Alternative approaches for the protection of wetlands.
3. Incentives for the reduction of soil erosion on unsuitable croplands.
4. Water supply and demand problems (U.S.G.S.)
5. Potential groundwater pollution (U.S.G.S. and County Health Department.)
6. Floods on Nonconnah Creek and Wolf River (Corps of Engineers.)
7. Comparative analysis of basins' morphology and their effects on hydrology.
8. Erosion and sedimentation in Reelfoot Creek Watershed - An application of GIS,
Remote Sensing and ERDA system.
9. Various techniques in determining flood-plain.
10. Water budget analysis in Tennessee. (Study of flood and drought.)
11. Identification of critical aquifer recharge areas, and widespread small sources of
contamination of groundwater - An Application of GIS.
12. Design of a methodology for the development of a basin-wide groundwater protection
plan.
13. Comparison of water quantity and/or quality models used in the water resources
studies.
14. Regional hydrological response to climate change/global warming.

15. Water Resources Management (Distribution and Rational Usage) of the International
River(s)

Any other relevant topics are encouraged and also acceptable for term paper or term project.

III. Outline of the Project/Paper

The report or paper must include and follow the suggested outline:

1. cover page
2. 250-word abstract
3. table of contents
4. statement of problem
5. literature review
6. data sources, methods, and procedures
7. discussion and /or analysis
8. conclusion, recommendation, and suggestion for future studies
9. bibliography and references

IV. Final Report

The final report must be well organized, well written, typed and double-spaced on 8 1/2" x 11" white bond paper, complete with title page, abstract, table of contents, footnotes, bibliography, tables, graphs, and appropriate maps. Text should be less than10 pages in length excluding tables, graphs, and map illustrations.

V. Deadline

1. Research topic typed on paper with brief statement of purpose and goal due on
February 2, 1999.

2. Annotated bibliography and references related to research topic (graduate
students: at least 20 articles from periodicals; undergraduate students: at least
10 articles) due on February 23, 1999.

3. Five Pages Research Proposal (Graduate Students) including purpose
statement (statement of problem), literature review, data sources, and methods
and procedures, expected results, bibliography, and timetable due on March
9, 1999.

4. Final (type-written) report due on April 20, 1999.

5. Oral presentation of the paper is scheduled on April 13, 20, and 27.

Any delay of turning in the assignment(s) will result in lowering the points and/or final grade.

Geography/Planning 4/6231

Water Resources Exercise

1. Select two comparable size watersheds (basins) in a state in which the climatic
(precipitation and temperature) and stream discharge data are available.

*Sources of information:   (1) U.S.G.S. Water Resources data
      (2) climatograph - climatic data
      (3) topographic maps

2. Delineate the studied watersheds and analyze watersheds characteristics such as
climate, topography, land uses, soil, and geology.

3. Tabulate and graph the monthly precipitation and temperature data for the selected
basins for the last 10 years (1986-1996).

* Sources of information: (1) climatograph of the state - for each weather
station in the basin.
(2) Chapter 2 of the text.

4. Calculate the PE by using Thornthwaite and/or other methods (manual or computer)
for each station in the selected basins.

* Sources of information: (1) Thornthwaite and Mather, "The Water
Balance," Publication in Climatology, VIII (1), Centerton, N.J. Laboratory of
Climatology, pp. 1-86, 1955.

5. Option A or B
(A) Run monthly water budget for the selected basins by using
PC with WATBUG and WATINPUT software.
You need to assume your soil moisture holding capacity and previous
monthly surplus or runoff, or
(B) Choose any hydrologic model from SCS, USGS, U.S. Corp of Engineers (HEC),
etc. to simulate the basin runoff.

* Sources of information: (1) WATBUG and WATINPUT programs
(2) Chapter 8 of the text.
(3) SCS, USGS, Corp. of Engineers, etc.

6. Compare the calculated or simulated surplus or runoff of monthly water budget of the selected basins with the measured stream runoff from U.S.G.S. Water Resources data.
Discuss the similarities and differences (discrepancies) and try to explain why there is or isn't any differences.

7. Write a 5 pages brief report explaining your purpose, procedures, findings, and comparisons of the two watersheds you studied in terms of their runoff regime relating to watershed characteristics.

*****Exercise Due on April 20, 1999 for extra bonus*****